Faceți căutări pe acest blog

vineri, 28 octombrie 2011

Gold And Its Amazing Features

His beautiful color - rare among metal - and his wonderful glow are most likely the first qualities that have attracted people to gold since prehistory. And using it, they found the weather and other qualities, thanks to which they valued more, for millennia. Until today, gold continues to be highly valued in both art and science because of its remarkable properties.

Gold and its amazing features His beautiful color - rare among metal - and his wonderful glow are most likely the first qualities that have attracted people to gold since prehistory. And using it, they found the weather and other qualities, thanks to which they valued more, for millennia. Until today, gold continues to be highly valued in both art and science because of its remarkable properties. At first, it was perhaps that could be valued for easy processing: from pieces of native gold (found as such) could be reached fairly quickly ornaments: gold can be processed easily, even cold, even with of primitive tools. This property, called malleability, made possible to obtain the most beautiful jewelry, but also the most sumptuous gilded decorations. Gold is very malleable and ductile of the metals . Due to the extraordinary malleability (ability to withstand high compressive forces, which manifests itself can be stretched into sheets without breaking), gold can be beaten by a fine foil incredible: a single gram is obtain a thin film, translucent, with an area of 1 square meter! Ductility is seen in the possibility of being drawn into wires - the wires that can be obtained are thinner, the metal is more ductile. Delicate gold jewelry wire, sometimes true gold wirelace, can be made because of metal ductility. Gold is one of the most dense metals - or of the hardest, as they say in familiar language, is heavier than lead, which has a density of 11 340 kg/m3, while gold is 19 300 kg/m3. (The heaviest metal, the highest density is osmium - 22 610 kg/m3).


Read more: http://www.bukisa.com/articles/584204_gold-and-its-amazing-features#ixzz1c6sJdjKi

duminică, 23 octombrie 2011

InfoNews: Top 10 Asian strange weapons used in Martial Arts

Since the metal claws and meteor hammers-sharp blades to antlers and daggers, needles of Emei Mountain, the ancient weapons used in Martial Arts today seem like sophisticated and graceful handicraft ... which in the past, but had one goal. To kill. In the hands of a skilled assassin, even humble Chinese eating sticks can become powerful weapons. It's easy to imagine, then, what results such an individual would get trained, using objects from the outset intended to kill.

10. Ring or wheel

Wheels or rings ranged in size between 30 and 45 inches in diameter, were made of metal and the handle except mat, metal and he was sharp outer edge for the entire duration. Some rings were simple, neornamentate, while others were fitted with spikes of different shapes and sizes, designed to block or reject the arms an opponent, but also increase the potential lethal weapon.

A purely defensive weapon, wheel or ring served to avoiding or parrying an enemy weapons. was still rarely used because it was not easy to hide. Rings were used both in close combat, as well as throwing objects from a distance. All were imported into China from Mongolia during the Yuan Dynasty (1206 - 1368 AD).

9. Emei prods

Emei Mountains daggers, needles are short metal rods, pointed at both ends and divided in half by a ring in two sections of which one is least May longer than the other. They are related to Emei prods for which the two parts have equal lengths. This weapon, as the name suggests, was designed in Emei mountain region . Daggers, needles were originally built as a weapon to fight underwater and were generally used in pairs of two. They were held in each hand, each middle ring ring stuck in the middle of each rod for stability.

Both mild stinging, and injungherea possible with these deadly weapons were unconventional, but very easy to hide when they were linked to forearm or leg. It also prods were used to be thrown adeasea target. They say , these daggers were invented Emei in the Song Dynasty (960 - 1280 AD) to fight under water . In Qing Dynasty, daggers was smart throw, San Xi Chinese province.

8. Tessen (metal fan)

Fans of war, of different shapes and consistent, were used in May especially in Japanese feudal conflicts . Tessen was a fan with outer spokes made ​​of metal, built so that a simple weapon seem harmless fan.

Samurai could wear them with them in places where swords and other weapons were not allowed , and some schools included antremanete handling of the sword that was used as a weapon tessen. This fan was still intended for arrows and parrying Tourney for throwing to keep or even help with swimming.

7. Shuriken (stars)

Shuriken or "hidden sword in hand" is a traditional Japanese concealed weapon, generally used for throwing from a distance and sometimes kill or tear. It is one of the most popular weapon used by Ninja fighters . Shuriken stars are sharp blades with ergonomic shape for handheld can be obtained from a variety of objects such as pins, screws and knives, but also coins, site and other flat items of metal.

In the West, Shuriken are teas as "stars deadly," "throwing stars" and especially "ninja stars".Shuriken has taken many forms over time and issues. The most common models are stars-bat, flat stars and stars wheel. Shuriken weapons were rather more to complete the katana (sword) or Yari (spear) in a warrior's arsenal. shurikenjutsu weapon handling Tourney called and was taught as part of the martial arts curriculum of many famous schools, such as Yagyu Ryu, Katori Shinto Ryu ITTO, Togakure Ryu Ryu Kukishin.

6. San-Jie-Gun (rod with three elements)

San-Jie-Gun or rod in three sections is a historical weapon, mentioned in the pages of the book "Sangokushi", written in the third century AD feature to interconnect the chains dinstincta is ringed on three sticks of wood or metal every 60 -70 inches long each , which gives a trick in scope and much greater flexibility than a rigid rod, long. The weapon is known as "flexible rod dragon" or Japanese "sansetsukon." later nunchaku's complicated, triple rod sticks can be released so exercising an extremely powerful shot, while her joints Besides allowing a shield to hit or defensive block on top of another .

About San-Jie-Gun is said that he would have to start the creative origins of the Temple Master Sanda honan. Although no historical evidence does not prove a popular legend preserved until today proves that weapons had been popularized by Chao Hong-Yin, the first emperor of the Song Dynasty (960 AD) . Confetionat traditionally oak or maple Chinese staff is currently made ​​of Indian cane, bamboo or aluminum. The length of each beat should be approximately equal to the arm of the gun handle, while the diameter varies usually around 3.2 inches.

5. Hammer-meteor

Hammer-meteor, often called simply, "Meteor" is an ancient Chinese weapon consisting of two weights connected by a rope or chain . Flexible weapon and "light" was quickly taken over all the peoples warrior and is called separately by region, the composition and precise purpose. In ancient China there was known as bao sheng, Liu Xing Chui, Chui you, flying hammer or dragon fist. It is part of the vast category of chain weapons.

Hammer-meteor can easily be a weapon of defense or attack, with a flexible structure . The main advantage of using this weapon is the speed of its handling. From this he drew the name because they say that lightning can strike as well as a meteorite . Two capede meteor hammer has a length typical two - three meters, with one object ball at each end. The hammer head is a single version of this weapon similar to the arrow with rope, the main difference being that the first end is a ball about 3 kilograms instead of a spear tip.

4. Nunchaku

Asian nunchaku is a weapon simple but very effective, popularized in the modern era of Bruce Lee .It consists of two elements quite short, but identical sizes and shapes of wood or metal, connected by a metallic rope or a chain c. Nunchaku chinzesc tends to have a rounded shape, while the Japanese one is octagonal. Nunchaku traditionally is made ​​from a hardwood such as oak and flexible. Originally, the wood had sunk in mud and preserved for many years, where absence of oxygen and optimal acidity prevent decay and the final result was a very hard wood.

The thread of connection between the two sticks were generally obtained from horse hair and traditionally it is considered that can not be cut by a sword blow . Finally, wood was filled with sand and lubricated with oil or fat for preservation. According to popular belief, was originally a flail nunkahku short (agricultural tool consists of a stick, articulated by belts with a long tail, which is processed grain or beans to separate pastaioasele) used in threshing rice or peas. It may have been developed as a result of suspension of possession of sharp weapons, under the leadership of Satsuma after invading Okinawa city of the eighteenth century. Peasantry was denied possession of conventional weapons such as arrows or swords, so people have improvised based on what they had available, creating weapons such as nunchaku.

3. Kusarigama (Sickle)

Kusarigama is a traditional Japanese weapon, formed from a small scythe (in Japanese "kama") connected by a metal chain ("manriki") at the end of which is a metal weight .Although kusarigama scythe is a derivative of farmers and although this tool was often used as a weapon during the Japanese feudal period, farmers did not carry with them. Valences of weapon they were obvious, so, unlike a scythe could not obviously be transported.

Art is called kusarigamajutsu kusarigamei handling. According to sources, kusarigama is an appropriate weapon in the fight against attacks by sword or spear . It was very popular in feudal Japan, many martial arts schools teaching them discipline handling, between centuries XII and XVII. According to legend was one of the favorite weapons of the ninja warriors.

2. Tekko-Kagi (claws)

Ninja warriors used to use their claws Tekko-Kagi to defend against sword attacks, allowing them to catch their manuitorilor as a blade and actually pull mengina sword from the hands of attackers . Also, ninja claws used in offensive ways impotrivta opponents with devastating results.

Traditionally composed of aluminum, steel, iron or wooden weapons are considered by historians Tekko martial arts as having its origins when the current followers of Bushido in Okinawa, Japan have started wearing metal horseshoes their horses as a means of self defense against attackers.

1. Uruma (Spring Sword)

Known as "chuttuval" Uruma is a long sword, made ​​of steel, flexible, sharp enough to split the meat, but soft enough that it can be folded in a roll form . It was used both in China and in the region of Kerala in southern India and is one of the schools of martial arts weapons of Kalaripayattu, Varma Kuttu Kala and Varis. Due to the increased flexibility of the blade or multiple blades Uruma,weapon can be stored in a pocket, wrapped around the waist or carried like a belt to be removed and used for striking at any time needed.

Uruma sword blade is long enough to reach the fingers of a hand to the other fingers when arms are stretched horizontally - measuring about 1.2 to 1.7 meters. Uruma has a small handle, wrapped in a cloth or leather, and in modern times is often made ​​of blades of saws used. Unniarcha, one of the heroines of ballads on the north coast of Kerala Malabar, is said to have been adept at handling sword Uruma. The sword was also a weapon often used in duels, with the tip of a sword as usual injungherea was not allowed in such clashes in Southern India.

Diamonds - A Symbol Of Love And Romance

The meaning of the word Diamond - very hard native crystalline carbon valued as a gem, not a very glamorous description of something so beautiful.


Read more: http://www.redgage.com/c-nhahff 

InfoNews: The 10 Most Populated Cities in The World

People everywhere are building every week the equivalent of a city the size of Vancouver's. It is a statistic from a large study that says that by 2030, will reach major cities in the world have huge areas to cover in full a small state. The tone was already given ...


Cele mai populate 10 orase ale planetei
Simply look at the data on this population in megalopolisurile planet, a population that sometimes exceeds the average size of European countries. Nobody knows where, when or if this trend will stop.
Scientists can only estimate the population growth of these urban mammoths genuine but, as happened not once, figures can be easily disproved. In the same vein, the editors will invite today Descopera.ro a journey, based on updated data in 2010, the largest urban agglomerations of the world ...
1.Tokyo, Japan - 34 million inhabitants
Japan's capital is by far the largest urban agglomeration of the Earth. With its 34 million inhabitants, the population of prefectures including Yokohama, Kawasaki and Saitama, near Tokyo surpasses 10 million souls city ranked in the top two. And the figures to describe the huge urban conglomeration does not stop there. Tokyo covers an area of ​​2187 square kilometers, nearly 10 times more than Bucharest, is considered the world's most expensive city for expatriates and also is ranked among the top three cities of the world standard of living. Meanwhile, Tokyo is one of the most powerful economic centers of the world, with a purchasing power parity U.S. $ 1.48 trillion. Also in the Japanese capital and seat of government was, Imperial Palace and the residence of the Japanese imperial family.
2.Seul, South Korea - 24.4 million
A giant ant, thus can be characterized Seoul, the city with an incredible density of population, 17,288 inhabitants per square kilometer. Considered the 6th economic center of the planet, according to the prestigious Forbes magazine, host of huge corporations (Samsung, LG, Hyundai), the most expensive city in Asia and the third of the world, Seoul is also the owner of a population whose number exceeds, for example, total population, 24.4 million people. Obviously, in the case of Seoul, were added and the inhabitants of neighboring districts: Bucheon, Goyang, Incheon, Seongnam and Suweon.
3. Guangzhou (Canton), China - 24.2 million inhabitants
Official Canton, Europeanized by name after the Portuguese province of Guangdong, is the largest city in southern China and the third of the country after Beijing and Shanghai. However, if we add the population of the districts of Dongguan, Foshan, Jiangmen and Zhongshan, and that of the delta in southern city, the number of inhabitants reaches a fabulous sum ... over 24 million, enough to propel Canton ranked in the top three most populated cities in the world. Because of this, Guangzhou (City of Flowers) and fabulous this huge city's Olympic Stadium would have to be proposed to host the 2008 Summer Olympics. Only a late decision by the Chinese government has made Beijing the proposed city to be candidate for organizing the Olympic Games.
4. Mexico City, Mexico - 23,400,000 inhabitants
Only 3 million inhabitants include Mexico City (Ciudad de Mexico) in 1950. Nobody envisioned then, probably only that more than six decades, the capital of Mexico was to become one of the most populated urban centers of the world. Basically, today, including districts Nezahualcoyotl, Ecatepec and Naucalpan, Mexico City, reaches the astounding figure of 23.4 million inhabitants. The remarks is the fact that Mexico City gather more than a fifth of the total population of 111 million inhabitants of Mexico. It is certainly both the most populous city in Central America and South America and beyond, as economic power, highly industrialized countries such as Taiwan or Iran. Data provided by Forbes say that Mexico City is a place worthy of a top eight in the richest city in the world.
5. Delhi, India - 23.2 million inhabitants
Along with neighboring districts: Noida, Gurgaon, Greater Noida, Faridabad, New Delhi and Ghāziābād, Delhi has managed to beat Mumbai by almost 400,000 people, and become the 5th city in the world in number of inhabitants. Approximately 23.2 million people live in Delhi, one of the largest cultural centers of India's political and commercial. The city hosts, among others, Parliament of India, New Delhi and the district was made the capital of the country in 1947, with India gaining independence from Britain.
6. Mumbai, India - 22.8 million inhabitants
With a total population of 22.8 million inhabitants, of which 13, 8 million live in its urban area called (the rest can be found in districts Bhiwandi, Navi Mumbai, Kalyan, Ulhasnagar and Thane), Mumbai, capital of Indian state of Maharastra , was declared the richest city in India. Higher standard of living of the city, far more than India's overall average, annually attracts hundreds of thousands of people from all over the country, which makes Mumbai one of the truly cosmopolitan cities of the world. Also in Mumbai, with prestigious financial institutions (National Stock Exchange of India, Bombay Stock Exchange or the Reserve Bank of India) was added and the center of Indian film industry, Bollywood ...
7. New York, USA - 22.2 million inhabitants
Metropolitan area of ​​New York is by far the most populous in the United States of America, surpassing Los Angeles with nearly five million inhabitants. Lenape Native American House, then the gate of immigrants to the New World, the city formerly called New Amsterdam has grown one of the largest urban centers in the world with a population of 22.2 million inhabitants, a figure that adds incredible density of 17 400 inhabitants per square kilometer. New York is also a symbol of American capitalism, freedom and democracy of the North American. Statue of Liberty, Times Square, Broadway, Wall Street, Chinatown, Brooklyn Bridge, Mahatannul or prestigious universities of Columbia and New York are just some of the symbols of American Megalopolis.
8. Sao Paolo, Brazil - 20.9 million inhabitants
Who Does not heard of Sao Paolo, Brazil's largest city, the richest urban center in the southern hemisphere of the planet and the 8th city in the number of people in the world? Well, Sao Paolo, Brazil huge city, to gather in the metropolitan area not less than 20.9 million inhabitants of the 192.3 million citizens of Brazil. Known for its unique architecture, the many skyscrapers, festivals, carnivals and annual exotic huge size of its fleet of helicopters, giant Sao Paolo has a motto that no longer leaves room for further interpretation: "Non ducor, Duco! - I am not led, I lead!
9. Manila, Philippines - 19,600,000 inhabitants
Not more than 16 cities and municipalities make up the metropolitan area of ​​Manila, the Philippines and the capital city of the world's busiest. 43 079 inhabitants per square kilometer, a total population of 19.6 million inhabitants, plus the number over a million tourists annually visiting the anthill in Southeast Asia. Named Pearl of the Orient since European settlers first time, Manila was called the Far East in May, a paraphrase of the Far West-North American site. Medieval Fort Santiago, Rizal Park, Cultural Center, Malacañang Palace Manila Cathedral and represents some of the biggest attractions of the Philippine capital.
10. Shanghai, China - 19.4 million inhabitants
It's basically the biggest city in scope, China's most populous and one of the world. With a population that tends to 20 million inhabitants, Shanghai is still rising, from this point of view, at breakneck speed and threatens megalopolisurilor positions on top of the charts. Urbe originally intended and the fishing industry of weaving, Shanghai has experienced an economic boom unparalleled in Chinese history with the opening in 1842, foreign traders and port or due to the favorable position. Today, the city is the largest financial center in mainland China and one of the most popular tourist destinations in this part of the world. Over 1 million people worldwide business substituted for the number of Chinese residents, with nearly 5 million Chinese from neighboring prefectures: Anhui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang.
Facts:
  • The first European city in a top of the most populated cities in the world is Moscow, with a population estimated at 01.01.2010, at 13.6 million inhabitants. Even so, Moscow would not be the situation than the 17th position.
  • The second European city in the number of inhabitants, Istanbul, not deal with the 21 position than the 12.8 million inhabitants.
  • Bucharest ranks 200 with a total population in the metropolitan area of ​​about 2.2 million inhabitants.
  • No other Romanian city is not listed in one of the top 500 most populated cities in the world.
  • Romania's population totals approximately 21.5 million inhabitants.

Chitika